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fructus xanthil（Cang Er Zi）, also known as cocklebur or Xanthium strumarium in scientific nomenclature, is an annual herbaceous plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is widely distributed throughout the world and is particularly common in many regions of Asia, Europe, and North America.

Here are some key points about Cang Er Zi:

1. Appearance and Growth Habit: The cocklebur plant can grow up to 2 meters tall and has a hairy, branching stem. Its leaves are large, heart-shaped, and covered with coarse hairs. The plant produces distinctive burrs that are spiny and cling to animal fur or human clothing, aiding in seed dispersal.

2. Flowers and Fruits: Cocklebur flowers are inconspicuous and yellowish-green in color. After flowering, the plant develops the characteristic burrs that contain the seeds. Each burr is equipped with hooked spines that easily attach to passing animals, fabric, or any other surface, thereby dispersing the seeds over great distances.

3. Medicinal Uses: In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Cang Er Zi is used for its diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and pain-relieving properties. It is often prescribed to treat headaches, rhinitis, sinusitis, and other conditions related to allergic reactions or inflammation.

4. Nutritional Value: The young leaves of the cocklebur plant are edible and can be cooked like spinach. They are rich in vitamins and minerals but should be consumed in moderation because the mature plant contains toxic substances.

5. Cautions: The mature plants, especially the seeds and burrs, contain toxic compounds such as xanthanolides, which can be harmful if ingested in large quantities. Proper preparation is crucial when using Cang Er Zi for medicinal purposes to remove these toxins.

6. Weed Status: Despite its uses in traditional medicine, cocklebur is considered a noxious weed in many agricultural settings due to its aggressive growth habit and ability to reduce crop yields.

7. Cultural Significance: In Chinese herbalism, Cang Er Zi is one of the "five winds herbs" used to expel external pathogenic wind from the body and treat various symptoms associated with wind-related illnesses.